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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 12:07 am
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Results for property theft
15 results foundAuthor: U.S. Department of Homeland Security Title: Intellectual Property Rights: Fiscal Year 2011 Seizure Statistics Summary: Theft of intellectual property is a serious crime, and in Fiscal Year (FY) 2011, Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) remained vigilant in their commitment to protect America by expanding their efforts to seize infringing goods. Counterfeit and pirated goods pose a serious threat to America’s economic vitality, the health and safety of American consumers, and our critical infrastructure and national security. Through coordinated efforts to interdict infringing merchandise, including joint operations, CBP and ICE enhanced intellectual property enforcement while facilitating the secure flow of legitimate trade and travel. • The number of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) seizures increased by 24% to 24,792 in FY 2011 from 19,959 in FY 2010. • The domestic value of IPR seizures decreased by 5% from $188.1 million to $178.9 million due to the following: • The number of high-volume but low-value seizures • The number of high-volume but low-value seizures, including express courier and consolidated shipments, increased significantly. • The average value of an IPR seizure dropped to $7,193 in FY 2011, the lowest average value for IPR seizures in the last 10 years. • The estimated Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price (MSRP) for all FY 2011 IPR seizures is $1.1 billion, a slight decline from FY 2010. • The value of consumer safety and critical technology seizures soared to more than $60 million due to an increase in pharmaceutical and perfume seizures. • The number of consumer safety and critical technology seizures increased by 44%, and the value of these seizures rose by 41% compared to FY 2010 totals. Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2011. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 17, 2012 at: http://www.ice.gov/doclib/iprcenter/pdf/ipr-fy-2011-seizure-report.pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.ice.gov/doclib/iprcenter/pdf/ipr-fy-2011-seizure-report.pdf Shelf Number: 123639 Keywords: Border SecurityCounterfeit GoodsCustomsProperty TheftTheft of Intellectual Property |
Author: Chabiera, Aleksandra, Coordinator Title: Stop Heritage Crime: Good Practices and Recommendations Summary: he objective of the EEA and Norway grants is to reduce social and economic disparities in Europe. The objective is also to strengthen the bilateral relationship between Poland and Norway. The protection of cultural heritage has been, and will continue to be, an important priority for the EEA and Norway grants. I am pleased that money is not only allocated to the revitalisation of monuments, but also to enforce the knowledge and awareness of the need for preventing illicit trade in cultural objects. The Cultural Exchange Fund has been an important tool for increasing cultural cooperation and establishing long-term relationships between cultural institutions in Poland and Norway. I am pleased that more than 70 projects have been supported, and a large number of events have taken place both in Norway and Poland, including music and theatre performances, art exhibitions, and workshops for artists and experts within the various areas of art and cultural heritage. National characteristics are found in cultural expressions in the forms of traditions, ideals, customs, values, music, art, designs, performances, architectural forms, handicrafts and narratives, therefore, cultural objects constitute an important part of our national identity. People travel more and more, and increasingly to distant and exotic places. The cultural impressions travel back home with us, sometimes as cultural objects. Many travellers are not aware of the fact that bringing cultural objects home deprives their countries of origin of the historical values that are important to their identity. Often this is more a matter of ignorance and carelessness than intentional crime. Cultural treasures constitute great values. There is, therefore, alsounfortunately, an international market for the illicit trade of such items. Countries at war and countries with weak legal systems and little control are the most vulnerable to such trade. The cultural objects that are traded on this black market are difficult to trace and to bring back. International cooperation is necessary to meet the challenges, both from ignorant travellers and from criminals. The UNESCO convention is important in this respect. I am pleased that Poland and Norway can learn from one another through the sharing of knowledge and experiences, this will improve awareness and actions in both countries. Details: Warsaw, Poland: National Heritage Board of Poland, 2011. 148p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 19, 2012 Year: 2011 Country: International URL: Shelf Number: 125684 Keywords: AntiquitiesArt TheftCultural Property, TheftHeritage CrimeProperty Theft |
Author: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Title: Application of the 1970 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property. First Periodical Report: Norway Summary: This first periodical report describes the implementation in Norway of the provisions of the 1970 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property. The preparation of Norway's first periodical report has been coordinated by the Ministry of Culture based on reports and information from relevant museums and public authorities as concerns their respective remits. In letters dated 9 November 2010 the Ministry of Culture invited the following bodies to present their views on the current situation concerning illicit trade in cultural objects in response to the questionnaire submitted from the UNESCO Secretariat for the preparation of this report: Arts Council Norway1 The Ministry of Trade and Industry The Customs and Excise Authorities The Norwegian National Authority for Investigation and Prosecution of Economic and Environmental Crime (Økokrim) The National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design The Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage (Riksantikvaren) The Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo As far as practicable, the present report follows the structure of the proposed guidelines from the UNESCO Secretariat. Details: Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2011. 37p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 3, 2012 at: http://www.regjeringen.no/upload/KUD/Kunstavdelingen/Rapporter_Utredninger/UNESCO-periodicalreport_1970_Convention-march2011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Norway URL: http://www.regjeringen.no/upload/KUD/Kunstavdelingen/Rapporter_Utredninger/UNESCO-periodicalreport_1970_Convention-march2011.pdf Shelf Number: 125849 Keywords: AntiquitiesArt TheftCultural Property, Theft (Norway)Heritage CrimeProperty Theft |
Author: Chappell, Duncan Title: Quantifying and Describing the South and South East Asian Illicit Antiquities Trade: Australia as an Overlooked Destination? Summary: The illicit antiquities trade, especially concerning smaller, portable artefacts deliberately stolen from archaeological sites, temples and museums, remains the greatest threat to the global archaeological record. To date, documenting and interdicting this trade has been severely restricted, primarily due to lax or conflicting enforcement practices, national and international laws, and an incomplete understanding of the size and scope of the market in both 'supply' and 'demand' countries. Asia, and especially South East Asia, is "on Australia's doorstep." Recent events (discussed below) suggest that Australia is an overlooked destination for illicitly obtained Asian-region antiquities. The overarching and immediate goals of this project, therefore, are to begin quantifying and describing the licit and illicit Australian antiquities market associated with the South East Asian region, as well as to collect preliminary data on the trade from one specific country - Vietnam. In this Briefing Paper, the reasons for selecting Vietnam as a detailed study are noted, together with proposed plans for 'in country' field research. Following this, a preliminary analysis of the nature and scope of the Australian antiquities market is undertaken, including an examination of a recent case, that of BC Galleries (Vic) Pty Ltd v Commonwealth of Australia (BCG 2012), to illustrate deficiencies in the existing cultural heritage protection laws in Australia, and especially the current limited capacity to repatriate looted objects to their country of origin. The paper concludes with observations on the need for reform in both the area of legislation and enforcement policy to ensure Australia fulfills its national and international cultural heritage protection obligations. Details: Nathan, Queensland: The Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Policing and Security (CEPS), 2013. 8p. Source: The Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Policing and Security (CEPS) Briefing Issue 24: Internet Resource: Accessed January 16, 2014 at Year: 2013 Country: Asia URL: http://www.ceps.edu.au/CMS/Uploads/file/Chappell%20Huffer%20issue%2024%20WEBB.pdf Shelf Number: 131779 Keywords: AntiquitiesArt Theft Cultural Property, TheftHeritage CrimeProperty Theft |
Author: Burnett, Jennifer Title: Scrap Metal Theft: Is Legislation Working for States? Summary: Insurance companies, law enforcement officials and industry watchdogs have called scrap metal theft - including copper, aluminum, nickel, stainless steel and scrap iron - one of the fastest-growing crimes in the United States. State leaders have taken notice, passing a flurry of legislation meant to curb metal theft and help law enforcement find and prosecute criminals. Researchers at The Council of State Governments, in collaboration with the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, set out to determine if all that legislation is having an impact on metal theft rates. To determine if state legislation has been effective at curbing metal theft, a thorough analysis is needed that starts with an evaluation of trends in metal theft incident rates at the state level. After an evaluation of the existing research and interviews with state and local officials and law enforcement personnel across all 50 states, CSG researchers concluded that metal theft data for states are not available for analysis. Because metal theft is such a significant and widespread problem, and because accurately tracking metal theft is key to establishing evidence-based practices designed to both deter theft and to assist in the investigation and prosecution of theft, it is imperative that states evaluate ways to begin collecting these data. Moving forward, it is unlikely data will be available on a scale necessary to perform meaningful analysis unless a widespread effort is launched to create systems to document, track and report metal theft crime uniformly and consistently. CSG researchers recommend continued discussion regarding the development of a uniform tracking system for metal theft or modifications to current systems. Details: Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments, 2014. 10p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 11, 2014 at: http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/kc/system/files/MetalTheft_Final%20%2805282014%29.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/kc/system/files/MetalTheft_Final%20%2805282014%29.pdf Shelf Number: 132652 Keywords: Metal TheftProperty TheftScrap Metal Theft (U.S.)Stealing |
Author: Morgan, Nick Title: An evaluation of government/law enforcement interventions aimed at reducing metal theft Summary: Executive summary - While most acquisitive crimes have fallen consistently over the past five years, metal theft increased between 2009 and 2011 in line with a sharp rise in global metal prices. It then fell during 2012 and 2013. - This paper summarises results of analyses which aimed to test whether the decline from 2012 was caused primarily by the government/law enforcement interventions launched to address metal theft, or was simply due to metal prices falling back from their peak. - The analysis is based mainly on data for metal thefts held by the Energy Networks Association (ENA), though data from British Transport Police (BTP) are also used to verify the main results. The phased roll-out of Operation Tornado across England and Wales helps to identify the specific impact of the interventions, as distinct from other factors that might have contributed to the fall in metal thefts. - The analysis found that metal thefts recorded by the Energy Networks Association and by British Transport Police fell to levels far lower during 2012 and 2013 than would be expected from the drop in metal prices alone. - This implies that the interventions launched during that period, Operation Tornado and cashless trading at scrap metal dealers (described below), did contribute to a substantial reduction in the number of offences. - Analysis showed a large, statistically significant effect for the interventions even when controlling for metal prices and other factors driving acquisitive crime. - Scotland, which did not receive the interventions, had a rising trend in metal theft during the post-intervention period, according to the Energy Networks Association data. This adds further weight to the main finding, and suggests that some metal theft may have been displaced north of the border. - As with most retrospective evaluations, there are necessary limitations with both the data and the methodology employed, but these findings are in line with the limited existing evidence from other nations. Details: London: Home Office, 2015. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Report 80: Accessed January 28, 2015 at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/398511/horr80.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/398511/horr80.pdf Shelf Number: 134480 Keywords: Crime PreventionMetal Theft (U.K.)Property Theft Scrap Metal Theft Stealing |
Author: Association of Chief Police Officers Title: Heritage and Cultural Property Crime: National Policing Strategic Assessment Summary: What is Heritage and Cultural Property Crime? Heritage and cultural property crime can be defined as any offence involving damage or loss to the historic environment, including all offences involving cultural property. Alongside a local policing approach, coordinated by police Safer Neighbourhood Teams, chief police officers are now working directly with Government departments, partner law enforcement agencies and heritage sector professionals to tackle the longer term causes and effects. In this Heritage and Cultural Property Crime National Policing Strategic Assessment, the ACPO led Heritage and Cultural Property Crime Working Group (H&CPCWG) combine a wealth of expertise from members to highlight threats and opportunities to reduce the impact of crime to the historic environment and cultural property. Why be concerned? Amongst a number of other socio-economic and demographic factors, market forces drive acquisitive crime - national crime statistics bear this out. Fluctuations in exchange rates or global commodity prices can, for example, very quickly switch demand for lead, often from historic buildings, to demand for platinum from catalytic converters. Criminals intent on converting metal into cash do not see the damage, loss or heartache they cause to communities, they simply see a commodity that will provide a tax free income or their next drug fix. These thefts are not limited to metal from church roofs or listed buildings; coping stones, floor tiles, slate, intrinsically valuable artefacts and items of intricate metalwork from war memorials are all equally valuable to those operating in the moral vacuum of what we now know as heritage and cultural property crime. In addition to commodity price fluctuation, it is known that anniversaries of significant events in history drive demand for heritage assets. As we approach the centenary of the First World War, law enforcement and heritage sector professionals acknowledge the increasingly likely risk of the theft of memorabilia from museums and battlefields. The vast majority of crimes committed against the historic environment are not intricately planned offences committed by organised criminal gangs - they are committed by individuals or small groups following the path of least resistance to easy cash. A clear example of this can be seen in the theft of Henry Moore's 'Sundial' sculpture from the Henry Moore Foundation in Perry Green, Hertfordshire. In July 2012, it is doubtful that thieves realised the shiny garden ornament they were stealing from a house adjacent to a country lane was a nationally significant work of art worth $500,000 when they later sold it to a Cambridgeshire scrap metal dealer for $46.50. As of 1 October this year, the Scrap Metal Dealers Act 2013 will make offences of this nature less appealing to offenders, who are now unable to sell scrap metal for cash; however, police and other law enforcement professionals must not be complacent in failing to identify new markets available through technological advances in online dealing. The historic environment and cultural property is vulnerable because assets are often located in isolated, sometimes rural localities or are displayed for the public to enjoy. Police officers cannot patrol every neighbourhood for every hour of every day. The delivery of intelligent and efficient law enforcement activity in financially challenging times must, therefore, include a focus on 'Collective efficacy'; law enforcement professionals working with local people and partner agencies to protect heritage assets from theft and damage to the historic environment. In addition to crimes against the historic environment, offenders are also increasingly targeting cultural property, national treasures and works of art displayed in museums, libraries, archives and private collections. A recent and well publicised example of this type of offence is provided by Operation Shrewd, a national inquiry into the theft of rhino horn, jade and Chinese artefacts (predominantly from the early Ming and Qing Dynasties) from provincial museums and private collections in the UK and Europe. As a result of this investigation, it is now known that organised criminal groups have targeted museums providing access to antiquities and artefacts valued at several million pounds. Gone are the days when organised criminal gangs focused on criminal activity such as robbing banks and safety deposit boxes, or importing drugs to further their criminal enterprise. These criminals have now accessed a rich vein of significantly higher return, and with much lower associated risk, directing offences against 'softer' targets to feed the demand from Far Eastern and South East Asian markets for rhino horn and cultural property. Details: London: Association of Chief Police Officers, 2013. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 23, 2016 at: http://www.museumsassociation.org/download?id=1038797 Year: 2013 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.museumsassociation.org/download?id=1038797 Shelf Number: 138791 Keywords: AntiquitiesArt TheftCultural PropertyHeritage CrimeMetal TheftOrganized CrimeProperty TheftScrap Metal |
Author: Lopez Villanes, Noam Title: Crime and Fear of Crime in Four Neighborhoods in Lima, Peru Summary: This research addresses crime and fear of crime in four neighborhoods of Metropolitan Lima. Taking a micro-sociological perspective, I explore the social mechanisms that neighbors use and the public policies that local governments implement to tackle crime and fear of crime in areas where there are different levels of burglary and theft. A comparative qualitative methodology was applied. Fear of crime in these neighborhoods is a complex phenomenon in which several factors are involved. These include the performance of the police, the community policing managed by local government, individual and collective crime prevention strategies, the leadership of the local authorities, the economic resources of citizens and local governments, as well as certain aspects of neighborhood infrastructure. Details: Bielefeld, Germany: Universitat Bielefeld, 2015. 43p. Source: Internet Resource: Violence Research and Development Project - Papers - No. 3: Accessed June 11, 2016 at: http://www.uni-bielefeld.de/icvr/docs/lopez.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Peru URL: http://www.uni-bielefeld.de/icvr/docs/lopez.pdf Shelf Number: 139377 Keywords: Burglary Community Policing Fear of Crime Neighborhoods and Crime Property TheftSocial Capital Violence Violent Crime |
Author: Chilvers, Richard Title: Preventing Cattle Raiding Violence in South Sudan: Local level peace building focusing on young people Summary: Within and Without the State (WWS), a programme funded by the UK Department for International Development, has been working in South Sudan since 2012 to improve the relationship between citizen and state. This case study describes the efforts of Community Empowerment and Progress Organization, a WWS partner, to work with young people in cattle raiding camps and support local communities to find their own solutions for peace. In the midst of a renewed outbreak of violence just two days before the country’s fifth anniversary, supporting local level peace initiatives remains as vital as ever. Details: Oxford, UK: Oxfam Internationial, 2016. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 19, 2016 at: http://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/preventing-cattle-raiding-violence-in-south-sudan-local-level-peace-building-fo-617936 Year: 2016 Country: Sudan URL: http://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/preventing-cattle-raiding-violence-in-south-sudan-local-level-peace-building-fo-617936 Shelf Number: 147954 Keywords: Cattle RaidingConflict ViolenceProperty Theft |
Author: Ashby, Matthew Title: Using Crime Science for Understanding and Preventing Theft of Metal from the British Railway Networks Summary: Metal theft has emerged as a substantial crime problem, causing widespread disruption and damage in addition to the loss of metal itself, but has been the subject of little research. This thesis uses the paradigm of crime science to analyse the problem, focusing on thefts from the railway network in Great Britain. Two theoretical concepts are used: crime scripts and the routine-activities approach. Police-recorded crime and intelligence data are used to develop a crime script, which in turn is used to identify features of the problem a) analysis of which would potentially be useful to practitioners seeking to understand and prevent metal theft, and b) for which sufficient data are available to make analysis practical. Three such features are then analysed in more detail. First, spatial and temporal distributions of metal theft are analysed. Metal theft appears to differ from other types of acquisitive crime in ways potentially useful for prevention, for example in clustering outside (but close to) cities, and in exhibiting significant repeat victimisation over a longer period than found for other crimes. Second, the potential crime-prevention value of the market-reduction approach is analysed by testing for clusters of thefts close to the locations of scrap-metal dealers. Scrap-yard locations are found to be a significant predictor of local thefts, controlling for metal availability, area accessibility, and density of population and industry. Third, the involvement of organised crime groups (OCGs) in metal theft is tested. Due to the difficulty of defining and measuring organised crime, multiple approaches are used: all show OCG involvement to be rarer than official estimates previously suggested. The implications of these findings for practitioners are discussed. The thesis also considers the relevance of the results for the use of crime science and the analysis of OCGs Details: London: University College London, UCL Department of Security and Crime Science, 2016. 275p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1507833/1/thesis_final_screen.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1507833/1/thesis_final_screen.pdf Shelf Number: 147914 Keywords: Crime PreventionCrime ScienceMetal TheftProperty CrimeProperty TheftRailroadsScrap Metal |
Author: Murkomen, Kosgei Mark Title: Policing Strategies and Their Effects on Cattle Rustling in TOT Division, Marakwet District in Elgeyo Marakwet County Summary: The general objective of the study was to assess the effects of policing strategies on cattle rustling in Northern Kenya. The study involved 77 respondents, from two categories. There were 28 respondents from various police units and 49 respondents from the local community residents in the categories of elders, women and youth. 14 key informants were purposively selected from provincial administration officers, religious leaders, leaders of NGOs and CBOS dealing with conflicts. The respondents were selected through stratified sampling. The data was collected using questionnaires, key informant guide and observations in the field. The study utilized survey design to achieve its objectives. The study generated and utilized both qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS computer program and described using descriptive statistics. The qualitative data was analyzed using themes and trend analysis. The data was presented in frequency tables, percentages and charts. The study found out that cattle rustling in Tot Division led to loss of live and property, displacement of people, closing of businesses, poverty and under development. The study established that the following policing strategies were engaged to fight cattle rustling in Tot: peace building and restoration, deployment of more police officers, disarmament, arrest and prosecution, gathering of intelligence, stopping illegal arms and livestock trade, laws and policy framework, community policing and free and compulsory education. The study established that, the following socio-economic, political, cultural and environmental factors in the society impede the functioning of policing strategies in the area: cultural support for cattle rustling, political influence, organization of illegal arms and livestock trade, poverty and youth unemployment, rough terrain and hot weather conditions, and finally police low morale, poor equipments and training. The study found out that the policing strategies employed were not very effective in preventing cattle rustling. However some succeeded to a limited extent. Details: Nairobi: University of Nairobi, 2011. 82p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed May 1, 2017 at: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/ Year: 2011 Country: Kenya URL: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/ Shelf Number: 145227 Keywords: Cattle Rustling Police Effectiveness Property Theft |
Author: Holdaway, Simon Title: Prolific Shoplifters in Nottinghamshire Summary: - Data about sixty-three prolific shoplifters offending in Nottinghamshire between July 2012-July 2013 have been analysed. The extent of their crime requires special consideration and a prevention strategy related to along with measures to address other types of shoplifters and their offences. - The research literature about shoplifting is meagre. None of it deals with persistent shoplifters. One important study, however, reminds us that the effectiveness of security personnel seems to be limited. Crime prevention measures, including the use of drug and alcohol rehabilitation programmes, are probably of more importance. - 52 (82.5%) of the prolific offenders were male. 11 (17.5%) were female. - 40 (63%) of the offenders were between 28 and 46 years of age. This is the typical age-range for all offenders. - Almost all offenders were white Europeans (56 of 63). 5 of the 56 were from Eastern Europe. 7 were recorded as Black - About 80% (50) of them were unemployed during the research period. Just 3 of the 63 offenders (4.8%) were employed. - Most offenders (39) lived in The City Central, North and South areas and it seems they moved to and from premises frequently. One offender lived outside Nottinghamshire. - Before the research year, 89% (56 of 63) of the offenders committed individually between 26 and 50 shoplifting offences. 10 committed individually between 11 and 25 offences and 13 committed individually over 51 offences. - Between July 2012-July 2013, 7 offenders each committed over 10 shoplifting offences, 6 each committed just fewer than 10. 9 offenders each committed 8 offences. The 41 other offenders continued to commit theft from shops during this period. - During the research period, the 63 offenders stole 1510 items whilst committing 541 separate offences of shoplifting - The most frequently stolen goods were food and alcohol, followed by personal hygiene products, clothing and chocolate. The point is somewhat speculative but it seems the goods were for personal use as well as for sale in illegal markets, the size of which may well have expanded during recent years. - The gross value of 40% of goods stolen was over $50. However, this is not an indication of the cost of dealing with the prolific offenders. The costs of deploying shop, police officer, administrative staff and many other factors have to be calculated. - 50 of the 63 offenders have been supervised within a programme of integrated offender management. This included tagging, other management tactics and work with drug and alcohol rehabilitation agencies. - Officers have assessed a very significant majority of the group, 60, as misusing drugs and alcohol. Their offences sustain their drug and, or alcohol dependency. - Drugs and alcohol rehabilitation programmes are clearly within a broad definition of policing and crime prevention. The majority of the prolific offenders had been assessed by police officers as having drug and, or alcohol problems. During the research year, however, just 16 drug and 2 alcohol rehabilitation orders were aspects of 541 sentences delivered by courts. - An officer working in Nottinghamshire Police Integrated Offender Management team developed an innovative project (Operation Dormouse) to address the problem of prolific shoplifting in the city area. The co-location of police and alcohol, drugs and other personnel was central to this work. Extensive data were shared between all agencies involved. The commitment of retail managers and their security staff was vital. Local policing teams were also engaged. A close partnership between the police and staff from other agencies was therefore central to the work undertaken. - 37% (167) of the 232 cases for which sentencing data were available involved imprisonment, with an average sentence of 55 days. 28 days was the median length of sentence, the middle number of all sentence lengths. Many sentences were far shorter than 28 days. - 97% of the 232 offenders for which sentencing records were available were arrested for 7 or 8 further offences from 2 to 5 months and onwards after their first arrest during the research year. - A long term strategy to address shoplifting in Nottinghamshire, including offences by prolific offenders, is required. It should be developed on the basis of documented outcomes from Operation Dormouse and further systematic analysis of all relevant data. The approach to prolific offenders taken so far has led to reductions in offending but the extent to which such intense, closely coordinated work can be sustained, not least within the context of budget reductions, is a moot question for consideration. - Whatever the approach taken retail firms can be expected to play a greater role in the introduction of security measures to prevent shoplifting. Householders routinely purchase equipment to protect their property. This should also apply to measures such as tagging for retail firms. Details: Unpublished report, 2014. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 25, 2017 at: library.college.police.uk Year: 2014 Country: United Kingdom URL: library.college.police.uk Shelf Number: 145795 Keywords: Property TheftRetail TheftShopliftersShopliftingStolen Goods |
Author: Byrd, William Title: Industrial-Scale Looting of Afghanistan's Mineral Resources Summary: Afghanistan has been plagued by large-scale, open looting of mineral resources, involving significant mining operations, bulk transport of minerals along main roads, and crossing the border at just a few, government-controlled points. This mineral looting, amounting to hundreds of millions of dollars per year, involves widespread corruption, entrenches warlords and their networks, and fuels both local conflicts and the wider insurgency in Afghanistan. The government needs to begin to get a better handle on resource exploitation and to collect more substantial royalties and taxes from ongoing mining activities. Summary Afghanistan is well endowed with underground resources, but hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of minerals are being extracted yearly, unaccompanied by payment of applicable royalties and taxes to the state. The bulk of this industrial-scale mineral looting - which has burgeoned over the past decade - has occurred not through surreptitious smuggling but openly, in significant mining operations, with visible transport of minerals on large trucks along major highways and across the Afghan border at a few government-controlled points. The prior political penetration of power holders and their networks in government, who became increasingly entrenched over time, explains this pattern of looting, which is engaged in with impunity owing to massive corruption of government agencies charged with overseeing the extractives sector, main highways, and borders. The current political and security climate favors continued and even further increased looting, which strengthens and further entrenches warlords, corrupts the government, partly funds the Taliban and reportedly ISIS, and fuels both local conflicts and the wider insurgency. Although the situation is dire and no answers are easy, near-term recommendations that could begin to make a dent in the problem include halting the issuance of new mining contracts, enforcing existing contracts to ensure taxes and royalties are paid, monitoring the transport of minerals on main roads and across borders, and imposing an emergency levy on mineral exports. The recent appointment of a new minister of mines is a good step forward, but a well-functioning, effective ministry management team will be key to success. Over the medium term, a political consensus is needed that part of the proceeds of mineral exploitation goes to the government budget and that ownership arrangements of mining companies are transparent. In addition, a system of monitoring flows of some Afghan minerals outside the country- as conflict minerals - should be considered. Details: Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 2017. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 5, 2017 at: https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/2017-05/sr404-industrial-scale-looting-of-afghanistan-s-mineral-resources.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Afghanistan URL: https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/2017-05/sr404-industrial-scale-looting-of-afghanistan-s-mineral-resources.pdf Shelf Number: 145931 Keywords: LootingMineral ResourcesMineral TheftMining IndustryNational Heritage SitesNatural ResourcesProperty Theft |
Author: Johnson, Shane D. Title: Bicycle Theft Summary: This guide addresses bicycle theft, beginning by describing the problem and reviewing the factors that contribute to it. It then identifies a series of questions to help you analyze your local bicycle theft problem. Finally, it reviews responses to bicycle theft and describes the findings of evaluative research and operational policing. It will be apparent that despite the various responses being advocated or implemented, there are no systematic evaluations of what works to reduce bicycle theft. Addressing this is important for police practice, as the evidence base should inform decision-making regarding appropriate responses. However, we already know a lot, and this guide outlines how such knowledge (including a portfolio of responses) can usefully inform the crime reduction enterprise. In addition, it identifies what information you need to better understand your local problem and effectively evaluate responses implemented. This guide refers specifically to the unlawful taking of nonmotorized pedal cycles. Bicycle theft can be further categorized into theft of and theft from bicycles. Awareness of these categories is important for understanding your local problem. Each category covers different offenses demanding different responses. Theft of bicycles describes the theft of a cycle frame and its components. Theft from bicycles describes the theft of components and accessories such as lights, seats, and wheels. As bicycles are of composite construction, they are particularly vulnerable to component theft, especially regarding "quick release" features. Although this guide covers both forms of theft, unless otherwise stated, most of the research and practical examples focus on the prevention of theft of bicycles. This is simply because cyclists are more likely to report theft of bicycles to the police, largely to meet insurance requirements. Bicycle theft is but one aspect of the larger set of theft- and vehicle-related problems that the police must address. This guide, however, is limited to the particular harms bicycle theft causes Details: Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, Center for Problem-Oriented Policing, 2008. 86p. Source: Internet Resource: Problem-Oriented Guides for Police Problem-Specific Guides Series No. 52: Accessed January 30, 2018 at: http://www.popcenter.org/problems/pdfs/bicycle_theft.pdf Year: 2008 Country: United States URL: http://www.popcenter.org/problems/pdfs/bicycle_theft.pdf Shelf Number: 112406 Keywords: Bicycle Theft Crime Prevention Property Theft |
Author: Kirchmaier, Tom Title: Prices, Policing and Policy: The Dynamics of Crime Booms and Busts Summary: In many historical episodes, the extent of criminal activity has displayed booms and busts. One very clear example is the case of metal crime, where in the face of big increases in value driven by world commodity prices, the incidence of metal thefts in the UK (and elsewhere) rose very sharply in the 2000s. Early in the current decade, they fell sharply again. This paper studies the roles of prices, policing and policy in explaining these crime dynamics. The empirical analysis shows sizeable and significant metal crime-price elasticities, in line with the idea that changing economic returns do shape crime. However, the rapid upward and downward trends are not only due to price changes. Their temporal evolution is also explained by changes in policing and policy. On the former, a difference-in-differences approach is used to document an important role of policing as a consequence of an anti-metal crime operation introduced in 2012. On the latter, the introduction of the Scrap Metal Dealers Act 2013 is exploited to study the impact of policy on the economic activity of scrap metal dealers in England and Wales. Results from our difference-in-differences specification suggest that the tougher regulatory system introduced by the policy hindered the economic activity of pre-existing dealers, reflecting the reduced market size for potential metal criminals to sell what they have stolen. Details: Unpublished paper, 2018. 49p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 8, 2018 at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=3149413 Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=3149413 Shelf Number: 150107 Keywords: Metal TheftProperty TheftScrap Metal TheftStealing |